Difference Between Chicago and Harvard Referencing

Chicago and Harvard referencing styles are two commonly used referencing styles used in academic writing. In this article, we’ll specifically look at the difference between referencing and in- text citations in these two styles. The main difference between Chicago and Harvard referencing is that Chicago style often uses footnotes and endnotes for direct quotes and paraphrased information whereas Harvard referencing uses author-date in-text citation method. Some other differences can also be noted in the way their format and structure.

This article looks at,

1. What is Chicago Referencing – In-text citation and referencing

2. What is Harvard Referencing – In-text citation and referencing

3. Difference between Chicago and Harvard Referencing – Comparison of In-text citation and referencing

What is Chicago Referencing

Chicago referencing style is mainly used by American English writers. This style guide is published by Chicago University Press. This style is mainly used in historical journals. This citation style uses footnotes and endnotes for direct quotes and paraphrases.

Notes:

The cited or paraphrased piece of information is assigned a number. This number leads the readers to the footnotes and the bibliography. For example,

Coles stated that his journey began “thirty years ago, in a dilapidated old farm house.”¹

References:

Given below are some examples of Chicago style references for different kinds of publications and sources.

Newspaper:

Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Newspaper Name, Publication Date.

Phelps, James. “Merits of Reading” Sunday Times, May 8, 2002.

Book:

Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher City: Publisher Name, Year Published.

Plaidy, Jean. The Rose Without a Thorn: The Wives of Henry VIII . New York: Broadway Books, 2003.

Journal article:

Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Journal Name Volume Number (Year Published): Page Numbers.

Hogrefe, Pearl. “Legal rights of Tudor women and the circumvention by men and women.” The Sixteenth Century Journal (1972): 97-105.

Website:

Last Name, First Name. “Page Title.” Website Title. Web Address (retrieved Date Accessed).

Winch, Guy. “At What Age Are You Most Likely to Feel Lonely?” Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-squeaky-wheel/201605/what-age-are-you-most-likely-feel-lonely.. (Accessed August 10, 2016).

What is Harvard Referencing

Harvard citation style is very similar to APA. This is one of the most used referencing styles in the UK and Australia, especially in the field of humanities.

In-text citation:

When you are using a direct quote or a paraphrase of another source in the body of the work, you should always use an in-text citation. An in-text citation in the Harvard style usually consists of the author’s last name and the year of publication. The in-text citation is usually placed at the end of the quoted or paraphrased paragraph.

“She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me, and I am in no humor at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men.” (Austen, 2000)

Referencing:

Given below are some examples of Harvard references for different kinds of publications and sources.

Book:

Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only include the edition if it is not the first edition) City published: Publisher, Page(s).

Plaidy, J. (2003) .The Rose Without a Thorn: The Wives of Henry VIII . New York: Broadway Books.

Journal articles:

Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue), Page(s).

Hogrefe, P. (1972). Legal rights of Tudor women and the circumvention by men and women. The Sixteenth Century Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.97-105.

Website:

Last name, First initial (Year published). Page title. [online] Website name. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

Winch, G (2016). At What Age Are You Most Likely to Feel Lonely?.[online] Psychology Today. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-squeaky-wheel/201605/what-age-are-you-most-likely-feel-lonely. [Accessed 10 August. 2016].

Newspaper:

Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, Page(s).

Phelps, J. (2012). Merits of Reading to your children, Sunday Times, 12-13.