Difference Between Sensation and Perception

The main difference between sensation and perception is that sensation is the process of sensing our surrounding using the five senses while perception is the process of interpreting the acquired sensations.

Sensing and perception are fundamental psychological processes of how we acquire information. Both these are related to one another with relation to one’s thoughts, opinions, and decisions throughout that person’s life. Hence, even though they are two very different processes, they occur in relation to one another.

Key Areas Covered

1. What is Sensation
      – Definition, Characteristics
2. What is Perception
     – Definition, Characteristics
3. What is the Relationship Between Sensation and Perception
     – Outline of Common Features
4. What is the Difference Between Sensation and Perception
     – Comparison of Key Differences

Key Terms

Perception, Senses, Sensation

What is Sensation?

Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell. The five senses in us are:

As a result of the stimuli we receive through these sensory organs from our environment, our sensory receptors get stimulated and send this information to our brain. Thus, this process is known as sensation. Therefore, in sensation, only the physical stimulus, together with its physical properties, are registered by sensory organs. Hence, there is more of a biological or a physical attribute to the process of sensation, making it common to everyone.

Figure 1: Five Senses

Moreover, there are several types of sensory loss that occur due to a dysfunctional sensation process, as a result of ineffective receptors, nerve damage, or cerebral impairment. This makes the sensation process to not to function properly, or not to obtain correct stimuli from the sensory organs.

How does the nervous system work with other systems?

What is Perception?

Perception is the process where our brain performs the organization of information it obtains from the neural impulses and then begins translation and interpretation of them. In other words, after our five senses receive several stimuli that are sent to our brain as nerve impulses, our brain interprets those impulses as a visual image, a sound, taste, odour, touch, or pain.

Since the interpretation of this sense happens as a result of one’s experiences, unlike sensation, the result of perception differs according to each individual. Recipient’s experiences, learning, memory, expectation, and attention can also shape perception. Therefore, perception is the indication of how and what a person thinks about his or her surrounding, and as a result of how he or she understands and looks at the world.

Figure 02: Perception

Moreover, perception involves both bottom-up and top-down processing. It involves bottom-up processing since perceptions are built from our sensory input. On the other hand, it also involves a top-down method since our available knowledge and experience influence how we interpret those sensations.

Relationship Between Sensation and Perception

Sensation occurs when the sensory organs transmit information towards the brain, and this information is then interpreted and decoded into meaningful information, which is known as perception. Therefore, perception follows sensation

Difference Between Sensation and Perception

Definition

Sensation is the process of receiving information via our five senses, which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain. Perception is the process of interpreting the information acquired through the five senses accordingly.

Source

The source of sensation is the stimuli obtained from sensory organs whereas the source of perception is the information sent to the brain through sensation.

Result

Sensation results in perception, which results in interpreting and giving meaning to the information received.

Procedure

Whereas sensation is a general biological procedure, perception has more psychological significance since the person’s past experiences and ideologies affect directly.

Conclusion

Sensation and perception are basic phenomena in us that happen throughout our life. Sensation basically refers to the process of sensing our environment using the stimuli we obtain from our five senses, on the other hand, perception refers to the process of interpreting those stimuli to meaningful information. Thus, perception typically follows sensation. This is the basic difference between sensation and perception.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Five Senses” by Nicki Dugan Pogue (CC BY-SA 2.0) via Flickr
2. “3110813” (CC0) via Pixabay

Reference:

1. “Sensation (Psychology).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 July 2018, Available here.
2. “Introduction to Psychology.” Lumen, Open SUNY Textbooks, Available here.
3. “Perception.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Aug. 2018, Available here.