What is the Difference Between Biologic and Nonbiologic DMARDs

DMARDs, or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, fight against inflammatory arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis. They can be classified into two types: biologic DMARDs and nonbiologic DMARDs   

What is the difference between biologic and nonbiologic DMARDs? Nonbiologic DMARDs are made from small molecules created in the lab, whereas biologic DMARDs are made from large, complex proteins produced by living cells.

Key Areas Covered

1. What are Biologic DMARDs 
     – Definition, Features, Pros & Cons
2. What are Nonbiologic DMARDs 
     – Definition, Features, Pros & Cons
3. Similarities Between Biologic and Nonbiologic DMARDs
    – Outline of Common Features
4. Difference Between Biologic and Nonbiologic DMARDs
     – Comparison of Key Differences
5. FAQ: Biologic and Nonbiologic DMARDs
     – Answers to Frequently Asked Questions

Key Terms

DMARDs, Biologic DMARDs, Nonbiologic DMARDs, Biologic Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, bDMARDs

What are Biologic DMARDs

Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), or simply biologics fight against autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. They are made from complex proteins grown in living cells. They target specific molecules or pathways involved in inflammation. This targeting has advantages like reduced side effects and greater effectiveness. They also have drawbacks such as high cost, increased infection risks and delivery methods.

Biologic DMARDs are complex to produce. Hence, they are costly. Suppression of specific immune pathways can make one more susceptible to infections. Biologics are usually prescribed when traditional DMARDs haven’t been successful in controlling symptoms or slowing disease progression.

What are Nonbiologic DMARDs

Nonbiologic DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), also known as conventional DMARDs, fight against autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.  These medications are made from small molecules created in laboratories. They interfere with various cellular processes involved in inflammation, slowing down the immune response and reducing joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.

Nonbiologic DMARDs are considered good medications because of their accessibility (typically available as pills, making them convenient and easy to take), cost-effectiveness, and established track record. However, there are limitations to nonbiologic DMARDs, too. Their broad impact on the immune system can lead to side effects like nausea, fatigue, or an increased risk of infections. Compared to biologics, they may take longer to show their full effects. They may not be equally effective for all patients, and some may not respond well at all.

Similarities Between Biologic and Nonbiologic DMARDs

1. Biologic and nonbiologic DMARDs aim to slow down the progression of autoimmune diseases, mainly by reducing inflammation.
2. They are used to treat a variety of autoimmune conditions, most commonly rheumatoid arthritis.
3. Both biologic and non-biologic DMARDs can slow down the underlying disease process, potentially preventing future damage.
4. Both types of DMARDs can have side effects, although they may differ.
5. Neither biologic nor non-biologic DMARDs are cures for autoimmune diseases.

Difference Between Biologic and Nonbiologic DMARDs

Definition

• Biologic DMARDs are made from large, complex proteins produced by living cells, while nonbiologic DMARDs are made from small molecules synthesized in a lab.

Effect on Immune System

• Biologic DMARDs target specific parts of the immune system involved in inflammation. Nonbiologic DMARDs, on the other hand, generally suppress the entire immune system.

Nature

• Biologic DMARDs are typically injected or infused, while nonbiologic DMARDs are usually taken as pills.

Use

• Biologic DMARDs are prescribed if non-biologic DMARDs fail to control symptoms. Nonbiologic DMARDs are often the first-line treatment for autoimmune diseases.

Conclusion

DMARDs fight against inflammatory arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis. However, there is a distinct difference between biologic and nonbiologic DMARDs based on their features and properties. Nonbiologic DMARDs are easier to take (pills) and more affordable. Biologics, with their targeted approach, offer potentially fewer side effects and faster relief.

FAQ: Biologic and Nonbiologic DMARDs

1. What is the difference between biological and non-biological drugs?

The basic difference between biological and non-biological drugs is their production. Biological drugs (biologics) are derived from living organisms or their products, while nonbiological drugs are synthetically manufactured in a lab.

2. What are examples of biologics?

Insulin, erythropoietin, influenza vaccine, HPV vaccine, and shingles vaccine are some examples of biologics.

3. What is the key advantage of biologics?

Biologics can precisely interact with specific molecules or cells, potentially leading to fewer side effects and more effective treatment for complex diseases. They also provide comparatively faster relief.

4. Why are biologics better than chemical drugs?

Biologics may be more targeted and have fewer side effects than chemical drugs. This is because they mimic natural body functions instead of relying on broad chemical interactions.

5. Do biologics damage the liver?

Biologics have a low risk of liver damage compared to some chemical drugs. They may cause minor enzyme elevation, but serious cases are rare.

Reference:

1.  “Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARD).” National Library of Medicine.
2. “DMARDs vs Biologics: Different Treatments for RA.” Web MD.

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1. “Red Pills and Bottles on White Surface” (CC0) via Pexels